Your nonprofit has a growing social media following, but those likes and shares rarely translate into donations. That audience feels anonymous, and the connection to your mission is missing. This gap between online engagement and real-world support is a massive missed opportunity. You're putting in the work to build a community, but you lack the tools to turn those followers into named, engaged donors. This is where the right technology makes all the difference. We’ll explore the best donor segmentation software designed to bridge that gap, helping you build 1:1 relationships and convert your online audience into a sustainable pipeline of support.
Key Takeaways
- Use segmentation to build real relationships: Go beyond simple donation history and group supporters by their interests and social media engagement. Sending personalized messages that reflect their unique connection to your cause is the most effective way to turn one-time donors into long-term supporters.
- Prioritize features that simplify your workflow: The right software should save you time, not create more work. Focus on non-negotiable features like seamless social media integration, message automation, and an intuitive interface that your entire team can adopt with confidence.
- Evaluate software as a long-term investment: Instead of focusing solely on the price, consider the potential return on your investment. Choose a platform that can lower your donor acquisition costs and scale with your nonprofit as your fundraising strategy grows and evolves.
What is Donor Segmentation Software (And Why Does It Matter)?
Let’s start with the basics. Donor segmentation is simply the practice of grouping your supporters based on shared characteristics. According to Kindsight’s donor segmentation guide, this means grouping people "based on things they have in common, like their giving history, where they live, or how much they've given." Instead of sending the same generic message to everyone, you can tailor your outreach to feel more personal and relevant.
Segmentation software automates this process, helping you identify first-time donors, major givers, and social media advocates so you can send the right message at the right time. It’s an essential tool for building the lasting donor relationships that fuel your mission.
Why Donor Retention is So Hard Right Now
If you feel like you’re constantly working to replace donors who have lapsed, you’re not alone. It’s a tough reality for many nonprofits that, according to fundraising data, "only about 20% of new donors usually give again." That means for every ten new supporters you bring in, you can expect to lose eight of them before they make a second gift. This often happens when donors feel like just another number in a database. A generic, one-size-fits-all thank you or appeal doesn’t show them the real-world impact of their contribution, making it easy for them to forget why they gave in the first place. This is why personalizing your communication is so critical for making donors feel seen, valued, and connected to your cause.
How Segmentation Software Helps
The good news is that you don’t need to be a data wizard to create a personalized experience for your donors. Segmentation software does the heavy lifting for you. Instead of manually sifting through data, these tools automatically group your supporters based on rules you set. For example, GoodUnited’s segment builder is a code-free, easy-to-use tool with predefined audiences that "goes beyond the basics so you can personalize messages based on factors like donor behavior and preferences." This allows you to quickly identify everyone who participated in your last Facebook Challenge or every supporter who has a birthday this month, and then send them a targeted message with just a few clicks. It makes sophisticated personalization accessible for any team.
The Top Benefits of Using Segmentation Tools
When you start sending more relevant messages, you’ll see a real difference in your results. After all, studies show that "72% of people only pay attention to messages that are made for their interests." By speaking directly to what your donors care about, you cut through the noise and capture their attention. Using segmentation tools helps you do more than just send better messages; it allows you to understand your donors better, save time and money on fundraising appeals, and keep your supporters engaged for longer. This leads to stronger relationships, higher retention rates, and more sustainable revenue for your nonprofit.
Must-Have Features for Donor Segmentation Software
Choosing the right donor segmentation software can feel overwhelming, but it really comes down to a few core features. Think of these as the non-negotiables—the functions that will actually make a difference in your day-to-day work and help you build stronger relationships with your supporters. When you’re comparing platforms, make sure they check these five boxes. This isn't just about getting a new tool; it's about finding a partner that helps you connect with your community where they are, in a way that feels personal and genuine. A great platform should make your job easier, not add another layer of complexity.
Connects With Your Social Media and Other Tools
Your supporters live on social media, so your fundraising tools need to be there, too. The best segmentation software doesn't just manage a static list; it actively integrates with platforms like Facebook to turn casual followers into engaged donors. Look for a tool that can turn social media engagement into real relationships that grow your mission. This integration is key to capturing new supporters and understanding their behavior from the very first interaction. It also means you can stop wasting time with manual data entry, as the software should seamlessly sync information between your social channels, your CRM, and other fundraising tools, creating a single, unified view of every supporter.
Automates Personalized Messages
Personalization is everything when it comes to building lasting donor relationships, but who has the time to write a unique message to every single person? This is where automation becomes your best friend. Your software should allow you to send personalized messages at scale, triggered by specific donor actions or milestones. For example, you could automatically thank a first-time donor, celebrate a fundraising anniversary, or invite a super-engaged follower to a special event. A platform with a code-free, easy-to-use segment builder lets you personalize messages based on donor behavior and preferences, making every supporter feel seen and valued without adding hours to your workload.
Easy for Your Team to Use
The most powerful software in the world is useless if your team finds it confusing. A complicated interface leads to low adoption, frustration, and wasted resources. Prioritize a platform with a clean, intuitive design that your entire team can learn quickly. Check review sites for feedback on usability and customer support—real user experiences will tell you a lot about how easy a tool is to manage day-to-day. When your team feels confident using the software, they’re more likely to explore its features and use it to its full potential. This empowers everyone, from your social media manager to your development director, to use data to make smarter decisions.
Tracks Performance with Real-Time Analytics
You can’t improve what you don’t measure. Effective segmentation software needs to give you clear, real-time insights into how your campaigns are performing. Forget waiting weeks for a report; you should be able to see what’s working and what isn’t, right now. This allows you to make quick adjustments, like tweaking your messaging or targeting a different segment, to improve your results on the fly. Look for customizable dashboards that track key metrics like donation amounts, conversion rates, and message engagement. Seeing this data in real-time helps you prove your impact and make a stronger case for your strategies. You can see how other nonprofits have used these insights in customer stories.
Keeps Your Donor Data Secure
Your donors trust you with their personal information, and protecting that data is a massive responsibility. Your segmentation software must have robust security features to keep donor information safe. This is more than just a technical detail; it’s fundamental to maintaining trust with your community. A secure platform also ensures data integrity. By integrating directly with your other tools, it can seamlessly turn social media followers into named donors in your database, which saves time and eliminates the risk of errors that come with manual data entry. When you’re evaluating options, always ask about their security protocols and data privacy policies.
The Best Donor Segmentation Software for Nonprofits
Choosing the right software can feel overwhelming, but it really comes down to your nonprofit’s unique needs. Are you focused on turning social media followers into donors? Is donor retention your biggest hurdle? Or do you need a single platform to manage everything? We’ve rounded up the best donor segmentation software, highlighting what each one does best so you can find the perfect fit for your mission.
GoodUnited: Best for Social Media Engagement
If your social media channels are buzzing with activity but you're struggling to connect that engagement to donations, GoodUnited is for you. It’s designed specifically to help you turn anonymous followers into named, engaged supporters. GoodUnited helps you build 1:1 relationships at scale right inside social media DMs, where your community is already active. You can consolidate donor information from various sources, segment your audience for highly targeted fundraising appeals, and track your progress in real time. It’s the ideal solution for nonprofits ready to make their social media efforts a core part of their fundraising strategy.
Bloomerang: Best for Donor Retention
Losing first-time donors is a common challenge, and it’s exactly what Bloomerang is built to solve. This platform is laser-focused on donor retention. In fact, nonprofits using Bloomerang see significantly higher retention rates than the industry average. The software helps you understand donor behavior, identify who is most likely to give again, and send the right message at the right time to keep them engaged. If your main goal is to build a loyal base of repeat supporters and stop the revolving door of one-time gifts, Bloomerang’s powerful segmentation and communication tools are worth a look.
DonorPerfect: Best All-in-One Platform
For nonprofits that want a single, comprehensive system to manage all their fundraising activities, DonorPerfect is a strong contender. Think of it as a central hub for everything from donor data and event management to online giving and reporting. Its robust segmentation features allow you to slice and dice your donor data in countless ways, helping you tailor your outreach for better results. DonorPerfect is a great all-in-one platform for organizations looking to streamline their operations and get a complete view of their fundraising efforts without juggling multiple tools.
Blackbaud: Best for Large Organizations
Blackbaud is a powerhouse in the nonprofit software space, offering a comprehensive suite of tools built for large, complex organizations. If you have multiple departments, extensive fundraising needs, and a large donor database, Blackbaud has the horsepower to handle it. Its segmentation capabilities are incredibly detailed, allowing you to gain deep insights into your donor base and create sophisticated, multi-channel campaigns. While it might be more than a smaller nonprofit needs, it’s a leading choice for established organizations that require an enterprise-level solution to manage their fundraising at scale.
Neon CRM: Best for Customization
If flexibility is what you need, Neon CRM delivers. This platform is highly customizable and manages much more than just fundraising—it can also handle memberships, events, and volunteer programs. This makes it a great fit for nonprofits with diverse activities and engagement points. Neon CRM’s customizable segmentation options let you create tailored campaigns that speak directly to different supporter groups, whether they’re major donors, event attendees, or dedicated volunteers. It’s a versatile system that can adapt and grow with your organization’s unique structure and goals.
Other Platforms to Consider
While the platforms above are top contenders, a couple of others might fit your specific situation. CiviCRM is a free, open-source option that’s highly customizable, making it a great choice for organizations with in-house tech resources and a tight budget. On the other end of the spectrum, Donorbox is known for its simple, user-friendly interface that makes it easy to set up one-time and recurring donation forms. Both offer segmentation features to help you better understand and communicate with your supporters, proving there’s a tool out there for every type of nonprofit.
How Much Does Donor Segmentation Software Cost?
Let’s talk about the big question: what’s the price tag? The truth is, there’s no one-size-fits-all answer. The cost of donor segmentation software can range from free to thousands of dollars per month. It really depends on the size of your organization, the number of contacts in your database, and the specific features you need.
Think of it less as a simple expense and more as an investment in your fundraising infrastructure. The right platform won’t just be a line item on your budget; it will be a tool that helps you raise more money and build stronger, more personal connections with your supporters. The goal is to find a solution that provides more value than it costs. To do that, you need to understand the different ways these platforms are priced, what hidden fees might pop up, and how to measure the return on your investment. We’ll walk through each of these so you can make a smart, informed decision for your nonprofit.
What Are the Different Pricing Models?
Most donor segmentation tools operate on a subscription model, typically billed monthly or annually. This pricing is often tiered based on the number of contacts or donor records you have. As your supporter list grows, you can expect your subscription cost to increase. Some platforms offer free plans or free trials, which can be a great way to test the waters. Tools like Donorbox have free starter options, while more robust platforms like Bloomerang or DonorPerfect usually start around $99 per month and go up from there.
Remember, the best fundraising software today does more than just process donations. It helps you turn anonymous social media followers into engaged, named supporters who feel a real connection to your cause.
Watch Out for These Hidden Fees
The monthly subscription fee you see on a pricing page isn’t always the full story. Before you commit to a platform, make sure you ask about any potential additional costs. Some companies charge one-time setup or implementation fees to get you started. Others might take a percentage of each transaction through their payment processor, which can add up quickly.
You should also check if there are extra charges for customer support, training sessions for your team, or integrating with other tools you already use. Always ask for a complete and detailed quote so you can budget accurately and avoid any unpleasant surprises down the road. A transparent company will be happy to walk you through all potential costs.
How to Calculate the ROI for Your Nonprofit
Instead of focusing only on the monthly cost, shift your perspective to the potential return on investment (ROI). A platform might seem expensive at first, but if it helps you significantly increase donations and save your team dozens of hours each week, it’s a worthwhile investment. Start by understanding your Donor Acquisition Cost (DAC)—how much it costs you on average to gain one new donor.
The right donor acquisition software should help you lower this cost by making your outreach more effective. It allows you to connect with supporters on the channels they actually use, like social media DMs, and deliver personalized messages that inspire action. Calculate how many new donors or increased gifts you’d need to cover the software’s cost, and you’ll quickly see if it’s a financially sound decision.
What Do Real Users Say About These Platforms?
Every software provider will tell you their platform is the best, but the real story is often found in user reviews. Sifting through feedback on sites like G2 and Capterra gives you an unfiltered look at how a tool performs in the real world for nonprofits just like yours. But reading reviews is a skill. It’s not just about looking at the star rating; it’s about understanding what users love, what they struggle with, and how to spot the feedback that’s most relevant to your organization’s needs.
Think of it as investigative work for your mission. You’re looking for clues that a platform will be a true partner in your growth, not just another line item in your budget. By learning to read between the lines, you can find a solution that your team will actually enjoy using and that will deliver the results you need to keep your fundraising efforts moving forward.
What Users Love
When you see glowing reviews, pay attention to why users are so happy. Often, the most enthusiastic feedback centers on features that simplify complex tasks and save precious time. For example, users frequently praise tools with intuitive, code-free segment builders that allow them to personalize messages based on donor history and engagement levels without needing a developer. This kind of user-friendly design is a game-changer for busy teams.
Beyond specific features, the best reviews often talk about the bigger picture: building genuine connections. Nonprofits are looking for software that helps them turn anonymous social media followers into a community of dedicated supporters. When you see users talking about how a platform helped them build real relationships, that’s a strong signal that the software is designed with a nonprofit’s core mission in mind. Look for high user satisfaction ratings that consistently mention ease of use and responsive customer support.
Common Complaints to Look For
Just as important as the praise are the complaints. Common frustrations can be major red flags that a platform might not be the right fit. One of the most frequent issues you’ll see mentioned is clunky or time-consuming data entry. When your team is spending hours manually inputting information, that’s less time they have for actual fundraising and donor stewardship. Look for reviews that mention a platform creating more administrative work than it solves.
Another critical area to watch for is integration issues. A donor segmentation tool should work seamlessly with your existing systems, like your CRM and email marketing platform. When reviews mention that a platform created data silos or required complicated workarounds, it suggests the software could hinder your team’s efficiency. A lack of integration can prevent you from getting a holistic view of your donors, making true personalization nearly impossible.
How to Read Reviews the Right Way
To get the most out of reviews, you need a strategy. Instead of just scanning star ratings, look for feedback that details specific outcomes. Did the software help another nonprofit increase donor retention? Did it make it easier to build a community on social media? Seek out reviews that provide clear analytics and track key metrics, as this shows the platform delivers measurable results.
Pay close attention to any mention of the onboarding process and ongoing support. Migrating your existing donor data can be a huge undertaking, so find out what kind of training and help the company offers. Reviews that praise a company’s support team during this transition are a great sign. Finally, filter reviews by organization size and type. The needs of a large national nonprofit are very different from those of a small community-based one. Finding feedback from your peers will give you the most accurate picture of how the software will work for you.
Common Implementation Challenges (And How to Prepare)
Adopting new software is a big move, and it’s completely normal for the process to feel a little overwhelming. The good news is that most of the common hurdles are predictable. By knowing what to expect, you can create a plan that makes the transition smoother for everyone involved. Thinking through these challenges ahead of time will save you headaches down the road and set your team up for a successful launch. Let’s walk through the main areas to focus on so you can feel confident and prepared.
Migrating Your Existing Data
Moving your donor data from an old system to a new one is often the most nerve-wracking part of the process. Your data is precious, and the thought of losing or corrupting it is stressful. Before you sign any contracts, ask potential software providers exactly how they handle data migration. Do they offer hands-on support, or will you be on your own? It’s also crucial to get a clear answer on any hidden fees associated with the transfer. A great provider will offer a clear plan and learning resources to guide you. Planning this step carefully ensures your valuable donor history arrives in its new home, intact and ready to use.
Getting Your Team On Board
A new tool is only effective if your team actually uses it. That’s why getting buy-in from the start is so important. The best way to do this is to involve your team in the selection process. Let them sit in on demos and share their feedback. Once you’ve chosen a platform, prioritize training. A system can have all the best features, but they won’t mean much if your team feels intimidated or unsure how to use them. When you’re exploring different donor acquisition software tools, ask what kind of training and ongoing support the company provides to make sure your team feels comfortable and empowered from day one.
Integrating with Your Current Tools
Your donor segmentation software doesn’t exist in a vacuum. It needs to communicate with the other tools you rely on every day, like your email marketing platform, accounting software, and social media channels. Without proper integration, your team can get stuck manually exporting and importing data, which wastes time and invites errors. Before you commit, make a list of your must-have tools and confirm that the new software can connect with them seamlessly. This ensures your different systems work together efficiently, creating a more streamlined workflow for your entire organization and giving you a single, unified view of your supporter activity.
Avoiding Common Misconceptions
One of the biggest misconceptions about donor segmentation is that it’s just about sorting donors by how much they’ve given. True segmentation goes much deeper. A powerful donor segmentation guide will show you how to group supporters by shared interests, communication preferences, engagement history, and demographics. Why does this matter? Because personalization works. Studies show that most people only pay attention to messages tailored to their specific interests. By moving beyond simple donation tiers, you can create campaigns that truly resonate with your supporters, making them feel seen and understood, which is key to building lasting relationships.
How to Choose the Right Software for Your Nonprofit
Picking the right software can feel like a huge decision, because it is. This tool will become a central part of your fundraising and engagement strategy, so it’s worth taking the time to find the perfect fit. It’s not just about the flashiest features; it’s about finding a platform that aligns with your team’s size, your budget, and your long-term vision for growth. Think of it as choosing a partner for your mission—one that should make your work easier, not more complicated.
The key is to look beyond the sales pitch and focus on how a platform will solve your specific challenges. Are you struggling to connect with younger donors on social media? Is your team drowning in manual data entry? Do you need a tool that can scale with you as you launch new campaigns? By asking the right questions and focusing on your core needs, you can cut through the noise and select a solution that truly empowers your organization. The right software doesn't just manage data; it helps you build meaningful, one-on-one relationships with the people who support your cause. Let’s walk through a few key areas to consider so you can make your choice with confidence.
Find the Right Fit for Your Nonprofit's Size
The needs of a small, local nonprofit are vastly different from those of a large, national organization. Your size—in terms of both revenue and staff—plays a huge role in determining the right software. Larger nonprofits often have more complex operations and a greater need for detailed reports, which makes robust donor management software essential. They typically have the team capacity to manage a more feature-rich platform.
If you have a smaller team, you’ll want to prioritize software that is intuitive and easy to use right out of the box. You don't have time for a steep learning curve. Look for platforms that offer excellent customer support and clear training resources. The goal is to find a tool that fits your current workflow and won't require you to hire a new team member just to manage it. Seeing how organizations similar to yours use a platform can be incredibly insightful; check out customer stories to see what’s possible.
Consider Your Budget and Future Growth
When you’re looking at software, it’s crucial to think about both your current budget and your future needs. Always ask about the full pricing structure and any potential hidden fees for things like implementation, training, or exceeding contact limits. A transparent pricing model is a sign of a trustworthy partner. But the cost isn't just the sticker price; it's an investment in your nonprofit's future.
You want to choose software that can grow with you. Migrating data and retraining your team is a massive undertaking, so you want to avoid switching platforms every few years. Ask potential vendors how their solution scales. Can it handle an increase in donors, campaigns, and social engagement? A platform built for growth will offer different tiers or add-ons that allow you to expand its capabilities as your organization’s fundraising strategy evolves.
Key Questions to Ask During a Demo
A live demonstration is your best opportunity to see if a platform is truly the right fit. This is your chance to ask specific questions and see the software in action. Don't be shy—the sales team is there to show you how their tool can solve your problems. Come prepared with a list of your must-have features and pain points to guide the conversation.
Here are a few essential questions to ask during any demo:
- Onboarding and Support: What does the implementation process look like? What kind of training and ongoing support do you offer?
- Integrations: Can this software connect with our existing tools, like our email marketing platform or social media accounts?
- Reporting: Can you show me how to create a report that tracks donor engagement from our social media campaigns?
- Usability: How much time does it typically take for a new user to feel comfortable using the platform?
How to Get the Most Out of Your New Software
Choosing the right donor segmentation software is a huge step, but the real work—and the real results—begin once you start using it. Simply having the tool isn’t enough; you need a plan to make it an integral part of your fundraising strategy. Think of it less like a magic wand and more like a powerful new instrument for your orchestra—it only makes beautiful music if you know how to play it.
The key is to build smart habits from the very beginning. By setting up your software correctly, keeping your data pristine, and continuously testing your strategies, you can turn your investment into a reliable engine for donor engagement and growth. The following steps will help you build a foundation for success and ensure you’re getting maximum value from your new platform.
Set Yourself Up for Success from Day One
Your journey to success starts before you even sign the contract. When you’re evaluating options, it’s crucial to get a clear picture of what you’re buying. Always get a live demonstration of the software you're considering. This is your chance to ask specific questions about how the platform handles tasks that are critical to your team’s workflow. Take detailed notes so you can compare different tools accurately.
This is also the time to get clarity on the full cost. When looking at software, always ask about pricing and any hidden fees for things like implementation, training, or exceeding contact limits. Starting with a complete understanding of the tool’s capabilities and costs prevents surprises down the road and ensures your team is ready to hit the ground running from day one.
Keep Your Donor Data Clean and Organized
Your segmentation software is only as powerful as the data you put into it. Before you even think about migrating your contacts, take the time to clean up your existing lists. This means merging duplicate records, updating outdated contact information, and removing inactive supporters who haven't engaged in years. A clean list ensures your messages reach the right people and your analytics are accurate.
Once your data is imported, commit to keeping it centralized. Having all your donor data in one place makes it much easier to manage your outreach, track supporter journeys, and make informed decisions. When your team isn't hunting for information across multiple spreadsheets or platforms, they can focus on what really matters: building meaningful relationships with your supporters.
Try These Advanced Segmentation Strategies
Once your data is clean and organized, you can move beyond basic segmentation. While grouping by donation history or location is a great start, you can create much more impactful campaigns by getting more specific. Think about what truly motivates your different supporters. For example, you can group donors by their passion for a specific program, like animal welfare or community arts. This lets you send targeted updates and appeals that speak directly to what they care about most.
You can also create segments based on engagement behavior. Consider building a group of highly engaged social media followers who haven't yet made their first gift and sending them a special welcome series through direct message. Or, you could create a segment for lapsed monthly donors and invite them to a special event. The more you tailor your messaging to a supporter’s specific interests and history, the more connected they’ll feel to your cause.
How to Measure Success and Keep Improving
A great segmentation strategy is never "set it and forget it." To get the most out of your software, you need to constantly measure your results and refine your approach. Start by tracking how each segment responds to your campaigns. Pay attention to metrics like open rates, click-through rates, and conversion rates for every message you send. This data will reveal what’s working and what isn’t, helping you improve your strategy over time.
Ultimately, the goal is to see a clear return on your investment. When evaluating your software's impact, think about how much more money it's helping you raise and how much time it's saving your team. By focusing on the overall value and continuously optimizing your efforts based on performance data, you’ll build a sustainable fundraising program that grows stronger with every campaign.
Related Articles
- Advanced Segmentation for Donor Targeting | GoodUnited
- 7 Donor Segmentation Strategies to Boost Giving
Frequently Asked Questions
We're a small nonprofit with a limited budget. Is donor segmentation software really worth it for us? That’s a completely fair question. It’s easy to see software as just another expense, but it’s better to think of it as an investment in efficiency. For a small team, your time is your most valuable asset. This kind of software automates the time-consuming work of figuring out who your donors are and what they care about, which frees you up to focus on building relationships. It helps you send fewer, more effective messages, which can lower your fundraising costs and increase your retention rate, making a real difference to your bottom line.
How does this software actually turn a social media follower into a donor? It’s all about closing the gap between a casual "like" and a meaningful contribution. The software helps you identify your most engaged followers and then start a one-on-one conversation with them directly in their social media DMs. From there, you can use automated messages to share stories, answer questions, and provide a simple, direct link to donate without ever making them leave the app. You're essentially removing all the friction and meeting supporters in a space where they already feel comfortable.
Does this kind of software replace my current CRM? Not at all. Think of donor segmentation software as a powerful specialist that works alongside your CRM. Your CRM is great for holding your core donor data, but a segmentation tool is designed to supercharge your communications. It integrates with your CRM, feeding it richer, more detailed information about supporter behavior, especially from social media. This gives you a much more complete picture of your donors and allows you to personalize your outreach in ways most CRMs can't handle on their own.
Realistically, how long will it take to get this software set up and start seeing results? The initial setup, which includes migrating your data and training your team, is the most intensive part and can take a few weeks. A good provider will walk you through this step by step. You can often see early results, like higher engagement rates on your messages, almost immediately. The bigger, more impactful results, like a noticeable increase in your donor retention rate, typically become clear after you’ve run a few campaigns over the course of several months.
What's the single most important thing to do before we start looking at software demos? Before you talk to a single salesperson, take the time to clean up your existing donor data. Go through your current lists, merge any duplicate entries, update contact information, and decide what to do with long-inactive contacts. Starting with a clean, organized database is the foundation for everything else. It will make the data migration process infinitely smoother and ensure that the new software can deliver accurate insights from the moment you turn it on.



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